Internal Iliac Artery
The internal iliac artery, also known as the hypogastric artery, is a major branch of the common iliac artery located in the pelvis. It supplies blood to various pelvic organs and structures. In this post, we will explore the anatomy and functions of the internal iliac artery.
Anatomy
The internal iliac artery arises near the level of the sacroiliac joint from the common iliac artery. It then descends posteriorly and divides into various branches. The main branches of the internal iliac artery include:
Anterior Division Branches: These branches supply the anterior part of the pelvic cavity and include the obturator artery, inferior vesical artery (in males), and uterine artery (in females).
Posterior Division Branches: These branches supply the posterior part of the pelvic cavity and include the superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery, and internal pudendal artery.
Functions
The internal iliac artery plays a crucial role in supplying oxygenated blood to the pelvis. Its branches provide blood to the following structures:
Pelvic Organs: The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the bladder, rectum, prostate gland (in males), uterus (in females), and other pelvic viscera.
Pelvic Muscles: Branches of the internal iliac artery provide blood to the muscles of the pelvic wall, including the obturator internus, piriformis, and levator ani muscles.
Perineum: The internal pudendal artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery, supplies blood to the perineal region, including the external genitalia and perineal muscles.
Clinical Significance
The internal iliac artery is an important landmark during surgeries and angiographic procedures involving the pelvis. It is crucial to understand its anatomy and variations to avoid potential complications. Additionally, occlusion or blockage of the internal iliac artery can lead to pelvic ischemia, causing pain and dysfunction in the affected areas.
In conclusion, the internal iliac artery is a vital blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the pelvic organs, muscles, and perineum. Understanding its anatomy and functions is essential for medical professionals dealing with pelvic surgeries or interventions.
λκΈ